INTRODUCTION

                                We all know that our environment is facing many problems. Environmental issues are any such issues created due to human activities and causes harm to the  environment. Environment issues have been a major concern over the last few years.Environmental issues are harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment. Environmentalism, a social and environmental movement, addresses environmental issues through advocacy, education and activism.  

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 

POLLUTION

    It is any undesirable  change in physical,chemical or biological characteristics of air ,water,land and soil. 

POLLUTANT

Any solid ,liquid or gas released into the  environment in such a huge   quantities  that  make  our   environment  unhealthy.

TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Today  pollution is the major  problem  faced  by our world.There are different types of pollution.They are: 

AIR POLLUTION

LAND POLLUTION

WATER POLLUTION

NOISE POLLUTION

SOLID WASTE

E-WASTE

RADIO ACTIVE  WASTES

AIR POLLUTION

           Air pollution is actually the addition of any harmful substances to the atmosphere, which causes the damaging of the environment, human health and the quality of life. With the development in industry, came along the increase in air pollution, which occurs inside homes, schools, offices even in the countryside. Consequently there has been an increase in the death rates resulting from various diseases caused by air pollution varying from breathing problem to lung cancer. Air pollution does not only affect people but it also damages the whole ecological system in which plants and animals are harmed as well. Air pollution has reached such a critical stage where it affects the earth's atmosphere as it lets in more harmful radiation from the sun. 

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

Respiratory and heart problems: The effects of Air pollution are alarming. They are known to create several respiratory and heart conditions along with Cancer, among other threats to the body. Several millions are known to have died due to direct or indirect effects of Air pollution. Children in areas exposed to air pollutants are said to commonly suffer from pneumonia and asthma.

Global warming: Another direct effect is the immediate alterations that the world is witnessing due to Global warming. With increased temperatures world wide, increase in sea levels and melting of ice from colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have already signaled an impending disaster if actions for preservation and normalization are not undertaken soon.

. Acid Rain: Harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides are released into the atmosphere during the burning of fossil fuels. When it rains, the water droplets combines with these air pollutants, becomes acidic and then falls on the ground in the form of acid rain. Acid rain can cause great damage to human, animals and crops.

. Effect on Wildlife: Just like humans, animals also face some devastating affects of air pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can force wildlife species to move to new place and change their habitat. The toxic pollutants deposit over the surface of the water and can also affect sea animals.

Depletion of Ozone layer: Ozone exists in earth’s stratosphere and is responsible for protecting humans from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. Earth’s ozone layer is depleting due to the presence of chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. As ozone layer will go thin, it will emit harmful rays back on earth and can cause skin and eye related problems. UV rays also have the capability to affect crops.

PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION

•   Make aware about the concept of REDUCE,RECYCLE AND REUSE.
•   Do organic gardening.
•   Buy biodegradable products.
•   Reduce the use of pesticides

LAND POLLUTION

                Land pollution is the destruction of the earth’s land surfaces, often directly or indirectly as a result of man’s activities and their misuse of land resources.

It occurs when waste is not disposed off properly, or can occur when humans throw chemicals unto the soil in the form of pesticides, insecticides and fertilizers during agricultural practices. Exploitation of minerals (mining activities) has also contributed to the destruction of the earth’s surface.

EFFECTS OF LAND POLLUTION

•   Mining is the major cause of land pollution.
•   It causes soil pollution.
•   Changes in climatic patterns.
•   Effect on human health.
•   Effect of wild life.

PREVENTION OF LAND POLLUTION

•   Make aware about the concept of REDUCE,RECYCLE AND REUSE.
•   Do organic gardening.
•   Buy biodegradable products.
•   Reduce the use of pesticides

WATER POLLUTION

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater), very often by human activities facts on water pollution Water pollution occurs when pollutants (particles, chemicals or substances that make water contaminated) are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without enough treatment to get rid of harmful compounds. Pollutants get into water mainly by human causes or factors. Water pollution can be a Point-source, Non Point-source, or Trans-boundary in nature

 EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

•   More to this, water pollution affects not only individual living species, but also                populations and entire functioning ecosystems that exists in the waters.
•   Death of aquatic (water) animals
•   Disruption of food-chains

PREVENTION OF WATER

•   Make aware about the concept of REDUCE,RECYCLE AND REUSE.
•   Do organic gardening.
•   Buy biodegradable products.
•   Reduce the use of pesticides

NOISE POLLUTION

Sound is essential to our daily lives, but noise is not. Noise is generally used as an unwanted sound, or sound which produces unpleasant effects and discomfort on the ears. Sound becomes unwanted when it either interferes with normal activities such as sleeping, conversation, or disrupts or diminishes one’s quality of life. Not all noise can be called noise pollution.

EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION

•   Undesirable high level of sound .
•   It causes sleeplessness.
•   It increase heart rate.
•   Altered breathing pattern.

PREVENTION OF NOISE POLLUTION

•  Use  of sound absorbent materials.
•  Timing after  which loud speaker cannot be played.

 Permissible  sound  level of crackers

SOLID WASTES

Solid waste is a collective term used to distinguish non-biodegradable materials and discards that come from sources like:

• Households
• Businesses and Commercial establishments
• Manufacturers or Industrial sites
• Bio-medical sources like hospital and clinics.
• They are the trash collected by the municipal waste management units for segregation according to the process of disposal

PREVENTION OF SOLID WASTES

The following SWM disposal practices have been established and are required  to  be   observed in the following order of hierarchy:

•   Source Reduction
•   Recycling and Composting
•   Combustion/Incineration
•    Landfills

E-WASTES

   it can cause skin diseases, digestive  problems and decrease nerve conduction velocity.

Possible Symptoms Associated with E-waste:

·        Brain damage

·        Decreased growth

·        Hyperactivity

·        Impaired hearing

·        Disorders of the reproductive and nervous systems

·        Blood and kidney disorders

·        Symptoms of poisoning

RADIO ACTIVE WASTES
 Radioactive wastes are  wastes that contain  radioactive material

 Radioactive wastes are usually by-products of nuclear power generation and other applications of nuclear  fission or nuclear technology, such as research and medicine.
Radioactive waste is hazardous to most forms of life and the environment, and is regulated by government agencies in order to protect human health and the environment.


GLOBAL WARMING& GREEN HOUSE EFFECT

  Global warming refers to a rise in the temperature  of the surface
       of the earth. The Green house effect is a process by which thermal radiation 
      from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric Green house
      gases and  is re radiated in all direction.

PROTECTION OF ENVIRONMENT

•    Stop using spray product with cfc’s.
•    Stop burning wastes especially non-biodegradable
•    As individual the only thing we can help prevent environmental
•  problems is to    keep our environment clean.
•    Plant more trees .stop Deforestation.
•    Use public transport to travel as it will save money , fuel& their  
• will be less air    pollution.